Man Safe_mysqld en anglais
MYSQLD_SAFE(1) MySQL Database System MYSQLD_SAFE(1)
NAME
mysqld_safe - MySQL server startup script
safe_mysqld - MySQL server startup script
SYNOPSIS
mysqld_safe options
DESCRIPTION
mysqld_safe is the recommended way to start a mysqld server on Unix and
NetWare. mysqld_safe adds some safety features such as restarting the
server when an error occurs and logging runtime information to an error
log file. NetWare-specific behaviors are listed later in this section.
Note
To preserve backward compatibility with older versions of MySQL, MySQL
binary distributions still include safe_mysqld as a symbolic link to
mysqld_safe. However, you should not rely on this because it is removed
as of MySQL 5.1.
By default, mysqld_safe before MySQL 5.0.27 tries to start an
executable named mysqld-max if it exists, and mysqld otherwise. Be
aware of the implications of this behavior:
o On Linux, the MySQL-Max RPM relies on this mysqld_safe behavior. The
RPM installs an executable named mysqld-max, which causes
mysqld_safe to automatically use that executable rather than mysqld
from that point on.
o If you install a MySQL-Max distribution that includes a server named
mysqld-max, and then upgrade later to a non-Max version of MySQL,
mysqld_safe will still attempt to run the old mysqld-max server. If
you perform such an upgrade, you should manually remove the old
mysqld-max server to ensure that mysqld_safe runs the new mysqld
server.
To override the default behavior and specify explicitly the name of the server
you want to run, specify a --mysqld or --mysqld-version option to mysqld_safe.
You can also use --ledir to indicate the directory where mysqld_safe should
look for the server.
Many of the options to mysqld_safe are the same as the options to mysqld. See
Section 1.2, "Command Options".
All options specified to mysqld_safe on the command line are passed to mysqld.
If you want to use any options that are specific to mysqld_safe and that
mysqld doesn't support, do not specify them on the command line. Instead, list
them in the [mysqld_safe] group of an option file. See Section 2.2.2, "Using
Option Files".
mysqld_safe reads all options from the [mysqld], [server], and [mysqld_safe]
sections in option files. For example, if you specify a [mysqld] section like
this, mysqld_safe will find and use the --log-error option:
[mysqld]
log-error=error.log
For backward compatibility, mysqld_safe also reads [safe_mysqld] sections,
although you should rename such sections to [mysqld_safe] in MySQL 5.0
installations.
mysqld_safe supports the following options:
Table 4.1. mysqld_safe Option Reference
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|Format | Config File | Description | Introduced |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--autoclose | autoclose | On NetWare, | |
| | | mysqld_safe | |
| | | provides a | |
| | | screen presence | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--mysqld=prog_name | mysqld | The name of the | |
| | | server program | |
| | | (in the ledir | |
| | | directory) that | |
| | | you want to | |
| | | start | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--mysqld-version=suffix | mysqld-version | This option is | |
| | | similar to the | |
| | | --mysqld option, | |
| | | but you specify | |
| | | only the suffix | |
| | | for the server | |
| | | program name | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--nice=priority | nice | Use the nice | |
| | | program to set | |
| | | the server's | |
| | | scheduling | |
| | | priority to the | |
| | | given value | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--no-defaults | no-defaults | Do not read any | |
| | | option files | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--open-files-limit=count | open-files-limit | The number of | |
| | | files that | |
| | | mysqld should be | |
| | | able to open | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--pid-file | pid-file | The pathname of | |
| | | the process ID | |
| | | file | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--port=number | port | The port number | |
| | | that the server | |
| | | should use when | |
| | | listening for | |
| | | TCP/IP | |
| | | connections | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--skip-kill-mysqld | skip-kill-mysqld | Do not try to | |
| | | kill stray | |
| | | mysqld processes | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--socket=path | socket | The Unix socket | |
| | | file that the | |
| | | server should | |
| | | use when | |
| | | listening for | |
| | | local | |
| | | connections | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--timezone=timezone | timezone | Set the TZ time | |
| | | zone environment | |
| | | variable to the | |
| | | given option | |
| | | value | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--basedir=path | basedir | The path to the | |
| | | MySQL | |
| | | installation | |
| | | directory | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--user={user_name|user_id} | user | Run the mysqld | |
| | | server as the | |
| | | user having the | |
| | | name user_name | |
| | | or the numeric | |
| | | user ID user_id | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--core-file-size=size | core-file-size | The size of the | |
| | | core file that | |
| | | mysqld should be | |
| | | able to create | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--datadir=path | datadir | The path to the | |
| | | data directory | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--defaults-extra-file=path | defaults-extra-file | The name of an | |
| | | option file to | |
| | | be read in | |
| | | addition to the | |
| | | usual option | |
| | | files | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--defaults-file=file_name | defaults-file | The name of an | |
| | | option file to | |
| | | be read instead | |
| | | of the usual | |
| | | option files | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--help | | Display a help | 5.0.3 |
| | | message and exit | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--ledir=path | ledir | Use this option | |
| | | to indicate the | |
| | | pathname to the | |
| | | directory where | |
| | | the server is | |
| | | located | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
|--log-error=file_name | log-error | Write the error | |
| | | log to the given | |
| | | file | |
+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------------+
o --help
Display a help message and exit. (Added in MySQL 5.0.3)
o --autoclose
(NetWare only) On NetWare, mysqld_safe provides a screen presence. When you
unload (shut down) the mysqld_safe NLM, the screen does not by default go
away. Instead, it prompts for user input:
**
If you want NetWare to close the screen automatically instead, use the
--autoclose option to mysqld_safe.
o --basedir=path
The path to the MySQL installation directory.
o --core-file-size=size
The size of the core file that mysqld should be able to create. The option
value is passed to ulimit -c.
o --datadir=path
The path to the data directory.
o --defaults-extra-file=path
The name of an option file to be read in addition to the usual option
files. This must be the first option on the command line if it is used. As
of MySQL 5.0.6, if the file does not exist or is otherwise inaccessible,
the server will exit with an error.
o --defaults-file=file_name
The name of an option file to be read instead of the usual option files.
This must be the first option on the command line if it is used.
o --ledir=path
If mysqld_safe cannot find the server, use this option to indicate the
pathname to the directory where the server is located.
o --log-error=file_name
Write the error log to the given file. See Section 2.1, "The Error Log".
o --mysqld=prog_name
The name of the server program (in the ledir directory) that you want to
start. This option is needed if you use the MySQL binary distribution but
have the data directory outside of the binary distribution. If mysqld_safe
cannot find the server, use the --ledir option to indicate the pathname to
the directory where the server is located.
o --mysqld-version=suffix
This option is similar to the --mysqld option, but you specify only the
suffix for the server program name. The basename is assumed to be mysqld.
For example, if you use --mysqld-version=debug, mysqld_safe starts the
mysqld-debug program in the ledir directory. If the argument to
--mysqld-version is empty, mysqld_safe uses mysqld in the ledir directory.
o --nice=priority
Use the nice program to set the server's scheduling priority to the given
value.
o --no-defaults
Do not read any option files. This must be the first option on the command
line if it is used.
o --open-files-limit=count
The number of files that mysqld should be able to open. The option value is
passed to ulimit -n. Note that you need to start mysqld_safe as root for
this to work properly!
o --pid-file=file_name
The pathname of the process ID file.
o --port=port_num
The port number that the server should use when listening for TCP/IP
connections. The port number must be 1024 or higher unless the server is
started by the root system user.
o --skip-kill-mysqld
Do not try to kill stray mysqld processes at startup. This option works
only on Linux.
o --socket=path
The Unix socket file that the server should use when listening for local
connections.
o --timezone=timezone
Set the TZ time zone environment variable to the given option value.
Consult your operating system documentation for legal time zone
specification formats.
o --user={user_name|user_id}
Run the mysqld server as the user having the name user_name or the numeric
user ID user_id. ("User" in this context refers to a system login account,
not a MySQL user listed in the grant tables.)
If you execute mysqld_safe with the --defaults-file or --defaults-extra-option
option to name an option file, the option must be the first one given on the
command line or the option file will not be used. For example, this command
will not use the named option file:
mysql> mysqld_safe --port=port_num --defaults-file=file_name
Instead, use the following command:
mysql> mysqld_safe --defaults-file=file_name --port=port_num
The mysqld_safe script is written so that it normally can start a server that
was installed from either a source or a binary distribution of MySQL, even
though these types of distributions typically install the server in slightly
different locations. (See Section 4.6, "Installation Layouts".) mysqld_safe
expects one of the following conditions to be true:
o The server and databases can be found relative to the working directory
(the directory from which mysqld_safe is invoked). For binary
distributions, mysqld_safe looks under its working directory for bin and
data directories. For source distributions, it looks for libexec and var
directories. This condition should be met if you execute mysqld_safe from
your MySQL installation directory (for example, /usr/local/mysql for a
binary distribution).
o If the server and databases cannot be found relative to the working
directory, mysqld_safe attempts to locate them by absolute pathnames.
Typical locations are /usr/local/libexec and /usr/local/var. The actual
locations are determined from the values configured into the distribution
at the time it was built. They should be correct if MySQL is installed in
the location specified at configuration time.
Because mysqld_safe tries to find the server and databases relative to its own
working directory, you can install a binary distribution of MySQL anywhere, as
long as you run mysqld_safe from the MySQL installation directory:
shell> cd mysql_installation_directory
shell> bin/mysqld_safe &
If mysqld_safe fails, even when invoked from the MySQL installation directory,
you can specify the --ledir and --datadir options to indicate the directories
in which the server and databases are located on your system.
Normally, you should not edit the mysqld_safe script. Instead, configure
mysqld_safe by using command-line options or options in the [mysqld_safe]
section of a my.cnf option file. In rare cases, it might be necessary to edit
mysqld_safe to get it to start the server properly. However, if you do this,
your modified version of mysqld_safe might be overwritten if you upgrade MySQL
in the future, so you should make a copy of your edited version that you can
reinstall.
On NetWare, mysqld_safe is a NetWare Loadable Module (NLM) that is ported from
the original Unix shell script. It starts the server as follows:
1. Runs a number of system and option checks.
2. Runs a check on MyISAM tables.
3. Provides a screen presence for the MySQL server.
4. Starts mysqld, monitors it, and restarts it if it terminates in error.
5. Sends error messages from mysqld to the host_name.err file in the data
directory.
6. Sends mysqld_safe screen output to the host_name.safe file in the data
directory.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2007-2008 MySQL AB
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with the program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA or see
http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
SEE ALSO
For more information, please refer to the MySQL Reference Manual, which
may already be installed locally and which is also available online at
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/.
AUTHOR
MySQL AB (http://www.mysql.com/).
MySQL 5.0 01/11/2008 MYSQLD_SAFE(1)
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