Man Tail en anglais
TAIL(1)                          User Commands                         TAIL(1)



 

NAME


       tail - output the last part of files

 

SYNOPSIS


       tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...

 

DESCRIPTION






       Print  the  last  10  lines of each FILE to standard output.  With more
       than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file  name.   With
       no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

       Mandatory  arguments  to  long  options are mandatory for short options
       too.

       --retry
              keep trying to open a file even if it is inaccessible when  tail
              starts  or if it becomes inaccessible later; useful when follow-
              ing by name, i.e., with --follow=name

       -c, --bytes=N
              output the last N bytes

       -f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
              output appended data as the file grows; -f, --follow, and --fol-
              low=descriptor are equivalent

       -F     same as --follow=name --retry

       -n, --lines=N
              output the last N lines, instead of the last 10

       --max-unchanged-stats=N
              with  --follow=name,  reopen  a  FILE which has not changed size
              after N (default 5) iterations to see if it has been unlinked or
              renamed (this is the usual case of rotated log files)

       --pid=PID
              with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies

       -q, --quiet, --silent
              never output headers giving file names

       -s, --sleep-interval=S
              with -f, sleep for approximately S seconds (default 1.0) between
              iterations.

       -v, --verbose
              always output headers giving file names

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       If the first character of N (the number of bytes or lines)  is  a  `+',
       print  beginning  with the Nth item from the start of each file, other-
       wise, print the last N items in the file.  N may have a multiplier suf-
       fix: b 512, k 1024, m 1024*1024.

       With  --follow  (-f),  tail  defaults to following the file descriptor,
       which means that even if a tail'ed file is renamed, tail will  continue
       to  track  its  end.   This  default behavior is not desirable when you
       really want to track the actual name of the file, not the file descrip-
       tor (e.g., log rotation).  Use --follow=name in that case.  That causes
       tail to track the named file by reopening it periodically to see if  it
       has been removed and recreated by some other program.

 

AUTHOR


       Written  by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, Ian Lance Taylor, and Jim Mey-
       ering.

 

REPORTING BUGS


       Report bugs to .

 

COPYRIGHT


       Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
       This is free software.  You may redistribute copies  of  it  under  the
       terms       of       the      GNU      General      Public      License
       .  There is NO WARRANTY,  to  the
       extent permitted by law.

 

SEE ALSO


       The  full documentation for tail is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If
       the info and tail programs are properly installed  at  your  site,  the
       command

              info tail

       should give you access to the complete manual.



tail 5.97                        January 2007                          TAIL(1)