Man Tail en anglais
TAIL(1)                          User Commands                         TAIL(1)



 

NAME


       tail - output the last part of files

 

SYNOPSIS


       tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...

 

DESCRIPTION






       Print  the  last  10  lines of each FILE to standard output.  With more
       than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file  name.   With
       no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

       Mandatory  arguments  to  long  options are mandatory for short options
       too.

       --retry
              keep trying to open a file even if it is inaccessible when  tail
              starts  or if it becomes inaccessible later; useful when follow-
              ing by name, i.e., with --follow=name

       -c, --bytes=N
              output the last N bytes; alternatively, use +N to  output  bytes
              starting with the Nth of each file

       -f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
              output appended data as the file grows; -f, --follow, and --fol-
              low=descriptor are equivalent

       -F     same as --follow=name --retry

       -n, --lines=N
              output the last N lines, instead of the last 10; or  use  +N  to
              output lines starting with the Nth

       --max-unchanged-stats=N
              with  --follow=name,  reopen  a  FILE which has not changed size
              after N (default 5) iterations to see if it has been unlinked or
              renamed (this is the usual case of rotated log files)

       --pid=PID
              with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies

       -q, --quiet, --silent
              never output headers giving file names

       -s, --sleep-interval=S
              with -f, sleep for approximately S seconds (default 1.0) between
              iterations.

       -v, --verbose
              always output headers giving file names

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       If the first character of N (the number of bytes or lines)  is  a  `+',
       print  beginning  with the Nth item from the start of each file, other-
       wise, print the last N items in the file.  N may have a multiplier suf-
       fix:   b   512,  kB  1000,  K  1024,  MB  1000*1000,  M  1024*1024,  GB
       1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.

       With --follow (-f), tail defaults to  following  the  file  descriptor,
       which  means that even if a tail'ed file is renamed, tail will continue
       to track its end.  This default behavior  is  not  desirable  when  you
       really want to track the actual name of the file, not the file descrip-
       tor (e.g., log rotation).  Use --follow=name in that case.  That causes
       tail  to track the named file by reopening it periodically to see if it
       has been removed and recreated by some other program.

 

AUTHOR


       Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, Ian Lance Taylor, and Jim  Mey-
       ering.

 

REPORTING BUGS


       Report bugs to .

 

COPYRIGHT


       Copyright  (C) 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+: GNU
       GPL version 3 or later 
       This is free software: you are free  to  change  and  redistribute  it.
       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

 

SEE ALSO


       The  full documentation for tail is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If
       the info and tail programs are properly installed  at  your  site,  the
       command

              info tail

       should give you access to the complete manual.



GNU coreutils 6.9.92.4-f088d-dirtJanuary 2008                          TAIL(1)